• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a multilayer thermoformable film (10) for protecting the surface of a workpiece (20), comprising an underlayer of an adhesive material (11) capable of adhering to the surface of the workpiece by a first face (111), and at least one layer of polymeric material (s) (12) fixed on a second face (112) of the adhesive sub-layer opposite to the first face. This layer of polymer material (s) (12) is resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles. A method of protecting the surface of the workpiece (20) comprises thermoforming the film (10) in a shape adapted to conform to the shape of at least a part of the workpiece (20), and applying the film thus thermoformed to the surface of the latter.
    公开号:FR3025741A1
    申请号:FR1458621
    申请日:2014-09-15
    公开日:2016-03-18
    发明作者:Elisa Campazzi；Marie-Paule Guillou；Nicolas Mouyen
    申请人:Airbus Group SAS；ADHETEC；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention is in the field of surface protection of parts, in particular parts that can be subjected to erosive conditions and whose aerodynamic profile is desirable. More particularly, the invention relates to a multilayer-type adhesive film for such protection, a method for protecting the surface of a part employing such a film, and a kit for protecting the surface of a film. piece. A particular field of application of the invention, which will be described in detail in the present description, is the protection of the surface of structural parts of aircraft, these aircraft can be of any type, including civil or military aircraft , civil or military helicopters intended for use in land or sea, drones, etc. Such a field of application is however not limited to the invention, which also applies to any other field in which there is a need to maintain the aerodynamic profile of parts likely to be subjected to erosive conditions during their operation, for example in the railway, automotive or wind, particularly for the protection of the leading edges of the blades wind turbine. In the aeronautical field, some structural parts, more particularly the parts commonly known as leading edges, such as wings, fins, aircraft radomes, vertical or horizontal stabilizers, helicopter rotor blades, etc. ., are subjected in flight to erosive conditions which can be severe, which are likely to degrade the aerodynamic profile because they generate the development of parasitic roughnesses which oppose the air flows and minimize the laminar flow area, thereby resulting in increased fuel costs. It is thus necessary to protect the surface of the parts to avoid such degradation. These erosive conditions can be of two types: erosion by solid particles, commonly known as sand erosion, and erosion by liquid particles, commonly known as rain erosion.
    [0002] The systems proposed by the prior art to protect the leading edges of aircraft are divided into two types. The first type consists of inorganic coatings, for example formed based on silicon carbide, or metal, for example titanium or steel caps. Such coatings show good resistance to rain erosion, but they are quickly eroded by sand. They also constitute so-called permanent solutions, and the operations for their replacement in case of damage are long and constraining to implement.
    [0003] The second type of coatings consists of organic coatings of high ductility, for example based on polyurethane elastomer. It has been proposed by the prior art to use adhesive film technologies based on such polymers to form external coatings on the parts, aimed at the protection of certain zones against environmental aggressions, mainly exposure to chemical and corrosive substances, such as fuel oil, hydraulic fluids, water, salts, acid rain, etc. In order to preserve their properties, these coatings must be resistant and durable in the face of the stresses to which the aircraft is likely to be subjected during its use, in particular to mechanical stresses, to significant cycles of temperature and humidity, to radiation. ultraviolet, etc. For this purpose, the outer layer of the coatings proposed by the prior art is formed of high performance polyurethane. If such high ductility organic coatings as proposed by the prior art have good sand erosion resistance, however, they do not exhibit satisfactory resistance to rain erosion. Their durability is also unsatisfactory: in particular, when an aircraft that is equipped through a thunderstorm, these coatings are completely deteriorated in about fifteen minutes. Thus, there is currently no effective solution combining all the desirable properties for maintaining the aerodynamic profile of a part exposed to severe erosive conditions, in particular a good performance at erosion. rain and sand erosion. The present invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of the solutions proposed by the prior art for the surface protection of the parts, in particular the edges of aircraft attacks, in particular to those described above, by proposing a system which makes it possible to to effectively protect the part against both liquid particle and solid particle aggression, including in cases of severe exposure, while generating a reduced mass impact. Additional objectives of the invention are that this system 10 has a reduced cost, that it is easy and quick to implement, in particular to lay and deposit, and that it has good resistance to mechanical and environmental stresses to which is likely to be subjected to the part, in particular to fouling and UV aging. Another object of the invention is to allow targeted protection 15 of the parts, optimized according to the type of stresses to which the different areas of the room are likely to be mainly exposed. For this purpose, it is proposed according to the present invention a multilayer thermoformable film for protecting the surface of a workpiece, this film comprising an underlayer of an adhesive material, called an adhesive underlayer, capable of adhering to the surface of the part by a first face, and at least one layer of polymeric material (s) fixed on a second face of the adhesive sub-layer, opposite to the first face. The layer of polymer material (s) is resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles.
    [0004] Such a film, providing the two functions of resistance to erosion by solid particles and resistance to erosion by liquid particles, advantageously allows to protect the piece alone against these two types of erosion. Such protection is therefore associated only with a low mass impact, and with reduced production cycles of the part. In particular, the film according to the invention preferably has a lower mass impact or equal to 590 g / m 2. As it is a film with adhesive properties, it is also easy and quick to apply, moreover in all types of environments, especially in the usual places of production but also in difficult environments, such as in a home. shed, or outdoors. In variants of the invention, the layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles is formed by superposition and / or juxtaposition on the sub-surface. adhesive layer, of a plurality of layer portions, including at least a layer portion formed of a first erosion-resistant polymeric material with solid particles, and at least a layer portion formed of a second resistant polymeric material erosion by liquid particles. The different portions of the layer are preferably arranged relative to each other according to the specific needs of the particular part whose surface must be protected, so that each zone of this part may be exposed more particularly to aggression. solid particles, especially the low-angle incidence zones, can be covered by a first portion of erosion-resistant layer by solid particles, together with each zone of the part likely to be exposed more particularly liquid particle aggression, particularly areas of normal incidence, may be covered by a second portion of erosion-resistant layer by liquid particles.
    [0005] Thus, according to the present invention, the film is advantageously configured to have specific local properties meeting the needs of localized areas of the part to be protected. In other variants of the invention, the layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles is formed of a single polymeric material, exhibiting Both a solid particle erosion resistance function and an erosion resistance function by liquid particles. Such an embodiment has the particular advantage of a simplified film production process.
    [0006] The layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles is in particular formed, at least partially, and in particular entirely, from a polymeric material chosen from a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and a very high molecular weight polyethylene (PE-UHMW), of Shore D hardness between 40 and 65 D, preferably between 50 and 60 D. These polymeric materials are known per se, and exhibit good frictional behavior and wear resistance, as well as good chemical resistance and temperature resistance in the range of temperatures to which aircraft are subjected. operation, i.e., between about -60 ° C and 80 ° C. More generally, the material (s) polymer (s) forming part of the layer resistant to erosion and erosion sand are selected to have good chemical resistance, thermal and ultraviolet radiation , infrared and visible, good resistance to thermal shock, as well as good adhesion, so as to ensure a good bond strength at the interface with the adhesive underlayer, in connection with the adhesion characteristics of the material chosen to constitute this adhesive sub-layer, and the interface between different portions of layers between them where appropriate. In particular, the mechanical stresses are mainly the impacts with the solid and liquid particles (erosion) and the air flow that can cause peeling or delamination of the adhesive film. In order to withstand these stresses, the materials chosen to enter into the constitution of the film according to the invention are advantageously chosen for their great cohesion, their hardness between 40 and 60 shore D and the strong cohesion capacity with the 3025741 6 under -adhesive layer. Where appropriate, the erosion resistance layer according to the invention may be subjected to a surface treatment which makes it possible to optimize the adhesion of the film to the adhesive sub-layer with which it is complexed. According to particular embodiments, the invention also fulfills the following characteristics, implemented separately or in each of their technically operating combinations. In particular embodiments of the invention, the layer of polymer (s) material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles has a thickness of between 50 and 500 lm preferably between 100 and 300 μm, and preferably equal to 200 μm. The total thickness of the film according to the invention is also preferably less than 4601m, so in particular to ensure its compatibility with the transparency constraints on detection by radar. In particular embodiments of the invention, the layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles is functionalized on the surface, on a part or on on the whole surface, so as to give it a greater resistance to erosion, or an additional feature of protection of the surface of the room. The location of the zone (s) thus functionalized (s) is chosen in particular according to the part to be protected, and the degree of exposure of each of the zones of this part to each environmental stress during its use. so as to ensure optimal targeted localized protection. The functionalization can be carried out according to any method known to those skilled in the art in order to obtain the desired particular effect. The layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles may in particular be subjected to metallization or surface ceramization. It can also be functionalized so as to obtain an anti-icing effect and / or resistance to fouling, for example by spraying an anti-icing and / or anti-fouling coating. The surface functionalization may further consist of a surface structuring so as to minimize friction drag and promote the entry of air, for example into a surface texturing to form sawtooth patterns, especially by micro -structuration by lithography or by micro-thermoforming, or micro-structuration by laser. For the same purpose that the present invention has set for giving the adhesive film additional properties, meeting the protection needs of the part, or particular areas of the latter, the film according to the invention may also comprise layers. additional, which are juxtaposed and / or superimposed, on the adhesive sub-layer which supports the assembly, the layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles. Thus, in particular embodiments of the invention, the film comprises at least one functional layer of polymer material having an anti-icing function, that is to say the ability to reduce the formation and adhesion of ice, and / or a function of resistance to fouling, that is to say facilitating the cleaning and / or having a low attitude to fouling. Each of such functional layers is superimposed and / or juxtaposed, on the adhesive sub-layer, to the layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles.
    [0007] Such additional functions advantageously make it possible to avoid the loss of performance due to the accumulation of ice on the part and thus to improve the operation safety of the latter, as well as to limit the fouling of the part and its resultant loss of efficiency. Such an additional functional layer may be constituted in any conventional manner by itself. In general, the basic principles used for the development of glaciophobic and passive dirt surfaces are essentially the same: it is a matter of coupling a chemistry giving a low surface energy and a superhydrophobicity at an optimal roughness. . Thus, the functional layer may be based on so-called plant-inspired Lotus self-cleaning effect technology which requires double roughness at the micrometer and nanometer levels, as described in the publication by Dodiuk et al., Polymers for Advanced Technology, 2007, 18: 746-750; superhydrophobicity-based glaciophobic solutions developed by the prior art as exemplified by WO 2008/048201; or on the solution disclosed in FR 2 954 340, describing a surface-coating composition based on urethane-acrylate oligomers, a diluent and fumed silica, which makes it possible to obtain, after polymerization, a coating of which surface properties induce self-cleaning and anti-icing effects. The addition to the adhesive film according to the invention of an anti-icing function proves particularly particularly advantageous compared to the anti-icing solutions proposed at the present time, which provide for the use of either temporary de-icing products, under which form to spray before takeoff, which have the drawbacks of having to be thrown at each flight, and generate significant pollution; or long-term defrosting products, in the form of a spray gel, which have the drawbacks of requiring a first application of a primer and then a spraying of the product, all in a controlled temperature zone and clean; either active cleaning systems and defrosting by heat, having the disadvantage of a significant overweight. The film according to the invention overcomes all these disadvantages, since it makes it possible in particular to obtain an anti-icing effect easily and durably, with a reduced mass impact. In particular embodiments of the invention, the film comprises at least one layer of polymer material having a surface structuring limiting friction drag in air, superimposed and / or juxtaposed, on the adhesive sub-layer, to the layer of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles. Such a layer advantageously makes it possible to save fuel. The adhesive film according to the invention can thus be formed of an assembly of different constituent layers, each having different functions of protecting the surface of the part, and all supported by the adhesive sub-layer. These different constituent layers may be juxtaposed and / or superimposed on each other on this adhesive sub-layer. In particular embodiments of the invention, the various constituent layers of the film which are juxtaposed and / or superimposed on each other are bonded to each other by adhesive, heat sealed or coextruded. In particular, for laminating the layers by stacking, called vertical laminating, the assembly of the layers superimposed on each other can be achieved by adhesive bonding, by means of specific adhesives compatible with the polymeric materials forming the layers. Such a complexing mode ensures a good cohesion of the stack, it is easy to implement and it allows the complexing of a large number of materials. Otherwise, the vertical lamination can be achieved by coextrusion, particularly suitable when the polymeric materials have comparable thermal properties. For complexing layers by juxtaposition, said horizontal complexing, the assembly of the layers juxtaposed to each other can be achieved by adhesive bonding, in particular by means of an industrial complexing line, or by thermo-welding, the latter technique allowing in particular to ensure a significant cohesion of the layers and to minimize edge effects. In the case of horizontal lamination, the different layers juxtaposed to each other are furthermore preferably arranged so as to overlap each other, so as to protect the adhesive from external aggression, in particular chemical, and to avoid any empty space between the layers which could come either from a drift during the complexing, or from a dimensional variation of the materials exposed to external constraints such as temperature, ultraviolet radiation, humidity, etc.
    [0008] The lamination may also be mixed, i.e. the film may comprise both stacked layers on top of each other, and layers juxtaposed to each other. In particular embodiments of the invention, the adhesive sub-layer consists of a pressure-sensitive type adhesive material, chosen especially from the materials of the acrylic, rubber and silicone families. This adhesive material preferably has a high adhesion capacity to materials commonly used to dress aircraft structures, including bonding primers, paint and metals such as aluminum, steel and titanium. as well as strong adhesiveness to the erosion resistant layer. Such an embodiment of the adhesive underlayer advantageously allows both the laying of the film on the surface of the part to be protected that its removal is easy and quick to achieve. The film according to the invention is thus easily replaceable, so that it constitutes a durable solution for the surface protection of the parts. In particular, it makes it possible to reduce the maintenance cycles and the downtimes of the aircraft necessary for this purpose. The replacement of the film according to the invention can also be implemented in any location, including in harsh and restrictive environments, such as in summary sheds, outdoors, etc.
    [0009] The adhesive sub-layer is preferably continuous. Its thickness may especially be between 25 and 100 lm. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for surface protection of a workpiece, in particular the outer surface of an aircraft part, which comprises the steps of: thermoforming an adhesive film according to the present invention according to one or more of the above features, in a shape adapted to conform to the shape of at least part of the part, and application of the film thus shaped on the surface of said part. of the room.
    [0010] Preferably, the method comprises a preliminary step of determining the configuration of the film, that is to say the number, the functionality and the location, on the adhesive sub-layer, of the various functional layers which constitute it, according to the specific needs of the particular part to be protected and the stresses to which the different zones of this part are intended to be subjected in operation, so as to ensure optimum protection of each of these zones by means of the film according to the invention . The film according to the invention produced in such a specific configuration thus advantageously provides targeted protection of each zone of the part against erosion by solid particles and / or by liquid particles, as well as, where appropriate, frost and fouling. Another aspect of the invention relates to a kit for protecting the surface of a workpiece, which comprises a plurality of films according to the invention, corresponding to one or more of the above features, which are thermoformed for marry each the shape of a part of the room and cover together the entire area to be protected from the room. These different films may have the same configuration, or different configurations. Each of these films is preferably configured to provide targeted protection for the area of the part on which it is intended to be applied, and the shape of which it is adapted, according to the environmental constraints to which this zone will be exposed in flight. . The kit according to the invention thus constitutes a complete and optimized solution for the surface protection of parts of aircraft structures.
    [0011] In particular embodiments of the invention, the kit further comprises one or more tool (s) for applying the plurality of films to the surface of the part, such as a spatula, a brush, etc. It may also include instructions for use, particularly as to the area of the room on which each film is to be applied. The features and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly in the light of the following exemplary embodiments, provided for illustrative purposes only and in no way limitative of the invention, with the support of FIGS. 1 to 4b, in which: Figure 1 schematically shows a film according to a first embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 schematically represents a film according to a second embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 schematically represents a film according to a third embodiment of the invention, applied to an aircraft leading edge; and FIGS. 4a and 4b show parts covered with an adhesive film, respectively with a polyurethane-based film of the prior art (FIG. 4a) and with a film based on PEEK according to the invention (FIG. Figure 4b), after a P-JET rain erosion test, each line corresponding to the number of impacts by liquid particles indicated vis-à-vis. A first example of a film 10 according to the invention, in which the various constituent layers are juxtaposed ("horizontal complexing"), and of planar conformation, is shown in FIG. 1. In this figure, as on the following, for the sake of clarity, the various elements are represented slightly spaced apart from each other, although in reality they are closely applied against each other. Similarly, the relative dimensions of the various constituent elements of the film are not representative of reality.
    [0012] The film 10 is applied to a part 20, which may in particular be an aircraft structural part capable of being subjected to operation under highly erosive conditions, such as a leading edge. The film 10 has an adhesive underlayer 11 formed of a pressure sensitive type adhesive material, such as acrylic or rubber or silicone family. This adhesive sub-layer is continuous and has a thickness of between 25 and 100 μm. It comprises a first face 111, applied against the surface of the part 20, and a second opposite face 112, on which are fixed the various functional layers constituting the film 10.
    [0013] The film 10 comprises a layer 12 of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles. This so-called erosion resistance layer 12 is formed of three layer portions: two end-layer portions 13, 13 'formed of a first polymer material and resistant to erosion by solid particles, and a portion core layer 14 formed of a second polymeric material and resistant to erosion by liquid particles. The first polymeric material and the second polymeric material are especially selected from the following materials: TPU, PEEK and PE-UHMW. In variants of the invention, the erosion resistance layer 12 is formed in a single block of a single polymeric material giving it good resistance to both sand erosion and rain erosion. Shore D hardness between 40 and 65 D, preferably between 50 and 65 D. The film also comprises two anti-icing functional layers 15, 15 ', which are juxtaposed on the adhesive underlayer 11 to the resistance layer. Erosion 12, on both sides of the latter. These anti-icing layers 15, 15 'are made of polymer material. Any solution known to those skilled in the art can be implemented to form the anti-icing layers of the film according to the invention. By way of example, these layers may comprise: a coating containing 25 to 29% of silicon atoms, 22 to 30% of 45% of oxygen atoms and 26 to 49% of carbon atoms , relative to the total atomic% of the coating, this coating having a structuring, in particular in the form of a pattern of dots or lines; a coating obtained by plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO); or a coating containing 15 to 75% fluorine atoms and 25 to 85 atomic% of other components, relative to the total atomic% of the coating, this coating having a structuring, in particular in the form of a pattern points or lines.
    [0014] A second example of a film 10 according to the invention, in which the various constituent layers are juxtaposed or superimposed on each other ("mixed complexing"), and of planar conformation, is shown in FIG. is applied to a piece 20 by its adhesive sub-layer 11. It comprises a layer 12 of polymer material (s) resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles. This erosion resistance layer 12 is formed of two layer portions which are superposed on one another on the adhesive sub-layer 11: a lower layer portion 13 formed of a first polymeric material and resistant to erosion by solid particles, and an upper layer portion 14 formed of a second polymer material and resistant to erosion by liquid particles. The film also comprises two anti-frost functional layers of polymeric material 15, 15 ', which are juxtaposed on the adhesive sub-layer 11 to the erosion resistance layer 12, on either side of the latter. It further comprises two functional layers of polymer material 16, 16 'limiting friction drag in the air, which are juxtaposed to the anti-icing functional layers 15, 15', on both sides of the latter. These so-called drag reduction layers have a sawtooth surface texturing. The films shown in Figures 1 and 2 both have a basis weight of less than or equal to 590 g / m 2. They are easy to apply and deposit, and they make it possible to effectively protect the part, in a localized manner, against both the attacks by liquid particles and against the attacks by solid particles, including in cases of severe exposure. . In general, the exact configuration of the film 10 is chosen to be adapted to the protection needs of the different areas of the room, so as to ensure optimal protection. By way of example, a particular configuration of the film 10 adapted to protect a leading edge 20 of an aircraft is shown in FIG. 3. In this figure, the various layers and layer portions are shown in FIG. slightly spaced apart for reasons of clarity. Such a configuration is however not limited to the invention, the different layers and portions of layers juxtaposed to each other are instead preferentially closely applied against each other. The film 10 comprises an erosion resistance layer 12 formed of two layer portions 13, 13 'made of a first polymer material resistant to erosion by solid particles, called sand erosion resistant layer portions, which are juxtaposed on either side of a central layer portion 14 formed of a second polymer material and resistant to erosion by liquid particles, said layer portion 25 resistant to erosion rain. It further comprises two functional anti-freeze end layers 15, 15 'which are arranged on either side of the erosion resistance layer 12. More particularly, the film 10 is arranged on the part 20 of such so that the rain erosion-resistant layer portion 14 is disposed at the normal incidence area of the piece, and the sand-erosion resistant layer portions 13, 13 'and the layers 15, 15 'anti-freeze are located at low incidence angle of incidence zones, thus providing optimum targeted protection of the part vis-à-vis the constraints to which it will be exposed in flight.
    [0015] Erosion resistance tests Films coated parts according to the present invention were subjected to tests to evaluate their resistance to erosion by liquid particles (rain erosion) and erosion by solid particles. (sand erosion).
    [0016] A / Experiment 1 Films according to the invention comprising an acrylic adhesive underlayer and an erosion resistant layer are deposited on a SAE 1008 steel plate or on a painted plate (2024 aluminum substrate plated, anodized and painted with an epoxy primer layer, with a thickness of between 15 and 25 μm, and finished with a polyurethane layer, with a thickness of between 50 and 130 μm), then subjected to the high-pressure cleaner test, according to the protocol described above. after. The erosion-resistant layers of the various adhesive films tested were composed as follows: high-hardness thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) (55 to 60 Shore D) (Film F1), PEEK (65 Shore D) (Film F2), PEUHMW ( 50 Shore D) (Film F3). By way of comparative example, a test plate coated with an adhesive film comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane layer proposed by the prior art, having a hardness Shore D 35, lower than that recommended by the present invention is also subjected to the test. F0). A.1 / Resistance to rain erosion The duration of the test is 60 s. The purpose is to evaluate the resistance of the selected adhesive films to a jet of pressurized water to simulate a high speed "rain" type environment. The apparatus for projecting water is a karcher-type water jet nozzle cleaner. It is therefore an impact of a continuous stream and not drops of water. This test therefore simulates, in a similar manner, the erosion phenomenon encountered by a helicopter blade or airplane wing edge in a rain environment. The operating conditions are as follows. Pressure: 150 bar Nozzle / piece distance: 4.7 cm Impact angle on the workpiece: 90 degrees 10 Water flow rate: 9 L / min For steel plates, the nozzle / substrate distance is constant. This is the time required for the perforation of the adhesive film is raised. The test is stopped after 60 s of exposure if the film is not perforated. For painted plates, the test time is constant (10 s). This is the nozzle / piece distance required for perforation that is raised. The results obtained are shown in Table 1 below. Measured parameter Time before 1st Distance nozzle / piece alterations Substrate Steel plate Painted plate Distance nozzle / piece (cm) 4 4 6 10 20 30 40 50 Film FO <1 sxxxxxx vl Film F1 Na xx -1 -1 -1 -1 Film F2 Na, "Film F3 Na Table 1 - Erosion test results for high-pressure cleaner, where: Na: unaltered 20: Unperforated film, undamaged after 10 s X: perforated film after a lower test time or These results demonstrate that the films according to the invention all exhibit a behavior much higher, in terms of resistance to rain erosion, than the FO film proposed by the prior art A.2 / Resistance The objective is to evaluate the resistance of the films to a sand jet under pressure in order to simulate a "air + sand" type environment at high speed.The apparatus for projecting this sandblast is a sandblaster of industrial type.For this test, the part used is a SAE 1008 steel plate. Such a painted plate, without film, is also subjected to the test (control). The operating conditions are as follows: Pressure: 1.4 bar Distance nozzle / piece: 4.7 cm Impact angle: 90 degrees 15 Sand: aluminum oxide (diameter 200 lm) Flow: (10 +/- 3) g / s The results obtained are shown in Table 2 below. Time before 1st alterations Comments 5 to 10 s indicator - FO film> 3 h Browning F1 film 1 to 2 h Cracking Film F2 3 to 6 min Cracking Film F3 1 to 2 h Cracking Table 2 - Sand erosion test results These Results show that the films according to the invention F1 (TPU 20 high hardness) and F3 (PE-UHMW) offer a behavior in terms of sand erosion resistance which is comparable to the solution of the prior art F0. They also show the great resistance of the film F2 (PEEK) compared to a nude aeronautical paint.
    [0017] Overall, in terms of combined protection against rain erosion and sand erosion, the films according to the present invention are much more effective than the low hardness polyurethane films of the prior art.
    [0018] For this experiment, the adhesive films were tested on a simplified configuration piece representative of an aircraft structural part, comprising, on an aluminum plate 2024 previously stripped, a layer of epoxy primer (thickness between 15 and 25 lm) and a polyurethane topcoat ("top coat", thickness between 50 and 100 lm). The films tested comprise an acrylic adhesive underlayer of thickness 50 μm, and an erosion resistant layer of thickness between 100 and 250 μm, of the following constitution: thermoplastic polyurethane high hardness (TPU 23 aliphatic polyurethane). thickness 200 μm) of Shore D hardness 40 to 50 (Film F4), high-hardness thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU 22 aliphatic polyurethane of thickness 250 μm) of hardness Shore D 50 to 60 (Film F5), semi-crystalline PEEK (of thickness 100 μm) of hardness Shore D 65 (film F6). As a comparative example, the FO film described above in Experiment 1, proposed by the prior art, was also tested. B.1 / Resistance to rain erosion The test protocol is consistent with that described in WO 2009/074514 (commonly known as P-JET). The operating parameters applied and the results obtained are shown in Table 3 below.
    [0019] 3025741 20 Film Pressure Speed (m / s) Number Result (bar) of impacts FO 275 200 20 to 1000 Perforation at 100 impacts F6 350 230 20 to 1000 No visible damage F5 350 230 20 to 1000 No visible damage F5 350 230 1000 to 8000 Perforation at approximately 7000 F4 275 200 20 to 1000 No visible damage F4 350 230 20 to 1000 No visible damage F4 350 230 1000 to 8000 Perforation at around 7000 Table 3 - Results of the rain erosion test It appears Of these results, the adhesive films according to the invention all have a greatly improved ability to withstand rain erosion compared to the FO film of the prior art. B.2 / Sand Erosion Resistance The test protocol is that of the ASTM G76 Standard, concerning erosion tests by solid particles. Schematically, solid particles (spherical silica particles with a diameter of 200 μm) are projected by a flow of air on the substrate at a speed of 55 m / s, at a pressure of 0.280 bar, with a particle ratio of 2 g / min and an impact angle of varying between 20 degrees and 90 degrees. The erosion rate is determined from the linear part of the substrate weight loss curve as a function of time.
    [0020] The test is carried out at 20 °, per 100 g of projected solid particles. The results obtained are shown in Table 4 below. FO film F4 F5 F6 Erosion rate (mg / g) 0.0389 0.1028 0.0974 0.0597 Table 4 - Sand erosion test results 3025741 21 These results show that the films according to the invention exhibit a sand erosion resistance slightly worse than that of the FO film of the prior art, but still very high. Overall, for the protection combined with rain erosion and sand erosion, the films in accordance with the invention are clearly more efficient than the film of the prior art. C / Experiment 3 For this experiment, the adhesive films were tested on a part 10 of simplified configuration representative of a piece of helicopter structure, comprising, on an aluminum plate 2024 previously stripped, successively, a layer an epoxy finish of thickness between 15 and 25 μm and a polyurethane topcoat with a thickness of between 50 and 100 μm, and, where specified, a layer of adhesion promoter 26 μm thick. . The films tested comprise an acrylic adhesive underlayer of thickness 50 μm, and an erosion resistant layer of thickness between 100 and 250 μm, of following constitution: thermoplastic polyurethane hardness (TPU 23 polyurethane aliphatic thickness) 200 μm) of Shore D hardness 40 to 50 (Film F4); high hardness thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU 23) with adhesion promoter (Film F4 '); Semi-crystalline PEEK (100 μm thick) of Shore D 65 hardness (with adhesion promoter, Film F6 '); PE-UHMW of Shore D 50 hardness (very high molecular weight semicrystalline thermoplastic polymer of the family of polyolefins, thickness 250 μm) (Film F7); PE-UHMW Shore D hardness 50 (with adhesion promoter, Film F7 '). As a comparative example, the film F0 'as described above in Experiment 1 and with adhesion promoter, proposed by the prior art, was tested.
    [0021] C.1 / Resistance to rain erosion The test protocol is consistent with that described with reference to Experiment 2. The operating parameters applied and the results obtained are shown in Table 5 below. Film Pressure Speed Number Result (bar) (m / s) of impact F0 '275 200 20 to 1000 Perforation 20 impacts F6' 350 230 6000 to 20000 Plastic deformation from 6000 - no visible damage F4 350 230 20 to 7000 Delamination to 7000 F4 '350 230 1000 to 20000 Plastic deformation from 4000 - perforation to 15 000 F7 350 230 20 to 6000 Plastic deformation from 20 no perforations F7' 350 230 20 to 8000 Plastic deformation from 20 no perforation 5 Table 5 - Results of the rain erosion test Figures 4a and 4b show the pieces obtained at the end of the test, respectively for the film of the prior art F0 'and for the film according to the invention F6. On each of these parts, each line corresponds to the number of impacts by the liquid particles indicated vis-à-vis. It is clear from these figures that the part covered with the film F0 '(with adhesion promoter) is strongly damaged at the end of the test, for all the numbers of impacts tested, whereas the part covered with the film F6' (With adhesion promoter) according to the present invention is only slightly damaged, for much higher numbers of impacts.
    [0022] It follows from these results that the adhesive films according to the invention all have a much better resistance to rain erosion than the film F0 'of the prior art. C.2 / Sand Erosion Resistance The test protocol is as described with reference to Experiment 2.
    [0023] The test is carried out at 20 °, per 100 g of solid particles sprayed. The results obtained are shown in Table 6 below. Film F0 'F6' F4 F4 'F7 F7' Erosion rate (mg / g) 0.0282 0.0417 0.099 0.10525 0.1023 0.09815 Table 6 - Sand erosion test results These results show that the films according to the invention have a sand erosion resistance slightly worse than that of the film F0 '(with adhesion promoter) of the prior art, but very high all the same. Overall, for the protection combined with rain erosion and sand erosion, it can again be seen that the films in accordance with the invention are clearly more efficient than the film proposed by the prior art. Cohesion test A cohesion test was carried out by applying the film F6 according to the invention, or the FO film of the prior art, to parts coated with a primary paint. The pieces were subjected to an aging test at 75 ° C for 20 h, then peeled at 180 degrees at 100 mm / min. The results are shown in Table 7 below. Tested film Tensile force measured Observation Film FO 15 N / cm Non-conforming measurement due to elongation 100% adhesive delamination Film F6 20.7 N / cm 100% peel adhesion Table 7 - Results of Cohesion test It is observed that the FO film according to the invention has a delamination of the adhesive (Cohesive Failure) for a force of 15 N / cm, whereas the film F6 according to the invention does not do not delaminate at 20 N / cm. It is only observed a peeling of the film of its adhesive ("Adhesive Failure"). The PEEK adhesive strength of Shore D hardness 65 selected according to the present invention, measured according to ISO 8510-2, also corresponds to an average load per width of 11.61 (N / cm), for only 8, 19 N / cm for the TPU of the prior art, Shore D hardness 35.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Multilayer thermoformable film (10) for protecting the surface of a workpiece (20), comprising an underlay of an adhesive material (11), called an adhesive underlayer, capable of adhering to the surface of the workpiece ( 20) by a first face (111), and at least one layer of polymeric material (s) (12) fixed on a second face (112) of said adhesive sub-layer (11) opposite said first face ( 111), characterized in that said layer of polymer material (s) (12) is resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles.
    [0002]
    2. Film according to claim 1, wherein the layer of polymer material (s) (12) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles is formed by superposition and / or juxtaposition on the adhesive underlayer (11), a plurality of layer portions, at least one layer portion (13, 13 ') formed of a first polymer material resistant to erosion by solid particles, and at least one layer portion (14) formed of a second polymeric material resistant to erosion by liquid particles.
    [0003]
    A film according to claim 1, wherein the layer of polymer material (s) (12) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles is formed of a single polymeric material.
    [0004]
    4. Film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the layer of polymer material (s) (12) resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles is formed in a polymeric material selected from polyurethane, polyetheretherketone and a very high molecular weight polyethylene of Shore D hardness between 40 and 65 D, preferably between 50 and 65 D.
    [0005]
    5. Film according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the layer of polymer material (s) (12) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles. has a thickness of between 50 and 500 lm, preferably between 100 and 300 lm, and preferably equal to 200 lm. 5
    [0006]
    6. Film according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the layer of polymer material (s) (12) resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles is functionalized surface.
    [0007]
    7. Film according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising at least one functional layer of polymeric material (15, 15 ') having a function anti-frost and / or resistance to fouling, said functional layer (15, 15 ') being superposed and / or juxtaposed, on the adhesive sub-layer (11), to the layer of polymer material (s) (12) resistant to erosion by solid particles and to erosion by liquid particles. 15
    [0008]
    8. Film according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising at least one layer of polymeric material (16, 16 ') having a surface structuring limiting drag friction in air, superimposed and / or juxtaposed, on the adhesive underlayer (11), to the layer of polymer material (s) (12) resistant to erosion by solid particles and erosion by liquid particles.
    [0009]
    9. Film according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the constituent layers juxtaposed and / or superimposed on each other are assembled to each other by adhesive, heat-welded or coextruded.
    [0010]
    10. A film according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the adhesive underlayer (11) is made of an adhesive material of the pressure sensitive type, especially selected from acrylic, rubber and silicone materials.
    [0011]
    11. Film according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the adhesive sub-layer (11) has a thickness between 25 and 100 lm.
    [0012]
    12. Process for the surface protection of a part (20), in particular the outer surface of an aircraft part, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: thermoforming a film (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11 in a shape adapted to conform to the shape of at least a portion of said workpiece (20), and applying said film (10) to the surface of said part of the workpiece (20). ).
    [0013]
    13. Kit for protecting the surface of a workpiece (20), characterized in that it comprises a plurality of films (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11 thermoformed to each take the form of a part of said part (20) and cover together the entire surface of said part to be protected.
    [0014]
    The kit of claim 13, further comprising a tool for applying the plurality of films (10) to the surface of the workpiece (20).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2016042245A1|2016-03-24|
    CN107000363B|2020-02-07|
    US11123962B2|2021-09-21|
    EP3194167B1|2020-11-18|
    EP3194167A1|2017-07-26|
    US20170266932A1|2017-09-21|
    CN107000363A|2017-08-01|
    FR3025741B1|2019-05-24|
    引用文献:
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    JP2005007520A|2003-06-19|2005-01-13|Nihon Micro Coating Co Ltd|Abrasive pad, manufacturing method thereof, and grinding method thereof|
    FR2881990B1|2005-02-15|2007-04-20|Sncf|FILM FOR THE PROTECTION OF AXLES|
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    FR2954340B1|2009-12-23|2013-02-01|Eads Europ Aeronautic Defence|MULTIFUNCTIONAL COATING FOR AIRCRAFT|
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    ES2435474B1|2012-06-15|2014-10-21|Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L.|Method of optimizing the efficiency of the blades of a wind turbine|CN108146658B|2017-11-21|2020-05-15|北京空间技术研制试验中心|Surface treatment method for anti-dew environment of device in spacecraft sealed cabin|
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    法律状态:
    2015-09-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-03-18| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20160318 |
    2016-09-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-09-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-09-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2019-09-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-09-14| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1458621A|FR3025741B1|2014-09-15|2014-09-15|MULTIFUNCTIONAL ADHESIVE FILM FOR SURFACE PROTECTION OF WORKPIECES|
    FR1458621|2014-09-15|FR1458621A| FR3025741B1|2014-09-15|2014-09-15|MULTIFUNCTIONAL ADHESIVE FILM FOR SURFACE PROTECTION OF WORKPIECES|
    EP15770580.7A| EP3194167B1|2014-09-15|2015-09-14|Multifunctional adhesive film for the surface protection of workpieces|
    US15/510,684| US11123962B2|2014-09-15|2015-09-14|Multifunctional adhesive film for the surface protection of workpieces|
    PCT/FR2015/052454| WO2016042245A1|2014-09-15|2015-09-14|Multifunctional adhesive film for the surface protection of workpieces|
    CN201580061571.9A| CN107000363B|2014-09-15|2015-09-14|Multifunctional adhesive film for protecting component surface|
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